Iimveliso
Iimodyuli
Imodyuli eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iyafumaneka ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zabathengi, kwaye iyahambelana nemigangatho yoshishino efanelekileyo kunye neemeko zovavanyo.Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuthengisa, abathengisi bethu baya kwazisa abathengi ngolwazi olusisiseko lweemodyuli eziyalelweyo, kubandakanywa nendlela yokufakela, iimeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye nokwahlukana phakathi kweemodyuli eziqhelekileyo kunye nezilungelelanisiweyo.Ngokufanayo, ii-arhente ziya kwazisa abathengi babo abasezantsi malunga neenkcukacha malunga neemodyuli ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Sinikezela ngeefreyimu ezimnyama okanye zesilivere zeemodyuli ukuhlangabezana nezicelo zabathengi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemodyuli.Sincoma iimodyuli ezikhangayo ezimnyama zophahla kunye nokwakha iindonga zamakhethini.Iifreyimu ezimnyama okanye ezisilivere azichaphazeli isivuno samandla semodyuli.
I-Perforation kunye ne-welding ayikhuthazwa njengoko inokulimaza isakhiwo esipheleleyo semodyuli, ukuqhubela phambili kubangele ukuthotywa komthamo wokulayisha oomatshini ngexesha leenkonzo ezilandelayo, ezinokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni okungabonakaliyo kwiimodyuli kwaye ngoko kuchaphazela isivuno samandla.
Imveliso yamandla emodyuli ixhomekeke kwizinto ezintathu: i-radiation yelanga (i-H--peak iiyure), imodyuli yokulinganisa amandla emodyuli (watts) kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo (Pr) (ngokubanzi kuthathwe malunga ne-80%), apho isivuno samandla sisonke. imveliso yezi zinto zintathu;isivuno samandla = H x W x Pr.Umthamo ofakelweyo ubalwa ngokuphindaphinda umlinganiselo wamandla we-nameplate wemodyuli enye ngenani elipheleleyo leemodyuli kwinkqubo.Umzekelo, kwiimodyuli ze-10 285 W ezifakiweyo, umthamo ofakiweyo ngu-285 x 10 = 2,850 W.
Ukuphuculwa kwesivuno samandla okuphunyezwe yimodyuli ye-PV ye-bifacial xa kuthelekiswa neemodyuli eziqhelekileyo kuxhomekeke ekubonakalisweni komhlaba, okanye i-albedo;ukuphakama kunye ne-azimuth ye-tracker okanye enye i-racking efakwe;kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhanya okuthe ngqo ekukhanyeni okuthe saa kummandla (iintsuku eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ezingwevu).Ukunikezelwa kwezi zinto, isixa sophuculo kufuneka sivavanywe ngokusekwe kwiimeko zokwenyani zeplanti yombane yePV.Ukuphuculwa kwemveliso ye-Bifacial energy ukusuka kwi-5--20%.
Iimodyuli ze-toenergy ziye zavavanywa ngokungqongqo kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nesantya somoya we-typhoon ukuya kwiBanga le-12. Iimodyuli nazo zinezinga elingenamanzi le-IP68, kwaye liyakwazi ukumelana nesichotho ubuncinane ubuncinane be-25 mm ubukhulu.
Iimodyuli ze-Monofacial zinewaranti yeminyaka engama-25 yokuvelisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa ukusebenza kwemodyuli ye-bifacial iqinisekisiwe iminyaka engama-30.
Iimodyuli ze-Bifacial zibiza kakhulu kuneemodyuli ze-monofacial, kodwa zinokuvelisa amandla amaninzi phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.Xa icala elingasemva lemodyuli lingavaliwe, ukukhanya okufunyenwe ngasemva kwemodyuli ye-bifacial kunokuphucula kakhulu isivuno samandla.Ukongeza, i-glass-glass encapsulation structure yemodyuli ye-bifacial inokumelana okungcono nokukhukuliseka kokusingqongileyo ngumphunga wamanzi, inkungu yomoya wetyuwa, njl.
Iingcebiso zobuGcisa
Iipropati zoMbane
Iiparamitha zokusebenza kombane kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ziquka i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo (i-Voc), i-transfer current (Isc), i-voltage yokusebenza (Um), i-operating current (Im) kunye namandla aphezulu okukhutshwa (Pm).
I-1) Xa i-U = 0 xa izigaba ezintle kunye nezibi zecandelo zifutshane-ezijikelezayo, i-current ngeli xesha yi-short-circuit current.Xa ii-terminals ezintle kunye nezibi zecandelo zingaxhunywanga kumthwalo, i-voltage phakathi kwee-terminals ezintle kunye nezibi zecandelo yi-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo.
I-2) Amandla aphezulu aphumayo axhomekeke kwi-irradiance yelanga, ukusabalalisa kwe-spectral, ubushushu obusebenzayo ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nobukhulu bomthwalo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuvavanywa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ze-STC (i-STC ibhekisela kwi-spectrum ye-AM1.5, i-radiation intensity yi-1000W / m2, ukushisa kwecandelo kwi-25 ° C)
3) I-voltage esebenzayo yi-voltage ehambelana neyona ndawo iphezulu yamandla, kwaye i-current current ihambelana neyona ndawo iphezulu yamandla.
Umbane wesiphaluka ovulekileyo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic zihluke, ezihambelana nenani leeseli kwimodyuli kunye nendlela yokudibanisa, malunga ne-30V ~ 60V.Amacandelo akanalo ukutshintshwa kombane ngamnye, kwaye i-voltage yenziwa phambi kokukhanya.Umbane wesiphaluka ovulekileyo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic zihluke, ezihambelana nenani leeseli kwimodyuli kunye nendlela yokudibanisa, malunga ne-30V ~ 60V.Amacandelo akanalo ukutshintshwa kombane ngamnye, kwaye i-voltage yenziwa phambi kokukhanya.
Ngaphakathi kwimodyuli ye-photovoltaic idivaysi ye-semiconductor, kwaye i-voltage echanekileyo / embi emhlabeni ayilona ixabiso elizinzile.Umlinganiselo othe ngqo uya kubonisa amandla ombane adadayo kwaye ubole ngokukhawuleza ukuya ku-0, ongenalo ixabiso lereferensi esebenzayo.Kunconywa ukulinganisa i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo phakathi kwee-terminals ezintle kunye nezibi zemodyuli phantsi kweemeko zokukhanyisa ngaphandle.
Umbane wangoku kunye nombane wezityalo zamandla elanga zinxulumene nobushushu, ukukhanya, njl. Ekubeni iqondo lobushushu kunye nokukhanya kusoloko kutshintsha, i-voltage kunye nombane uya kuguquguquka (ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nombane ophantsi, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuphezulu kwangoku; ukukhanya okulungileyo, umsinga ophakamileyo kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu I-Voltage);umsebenzi wamacandelo Iqondo lokushisa li-40 ° C-85 ° C, ngoko utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa aluyi kuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwamandla kwisikhululo samandla.
Umbane wesiphaluka ovulekileyo wemodyuli ulinganiswa phantsi kwemeko ye-STC (1000W / ㎡irradiance, 25 ° C).Ngenxa yeemeko zokukhanya, iimeko zokushisa, kunye nokuchaneka kwesixhobo sokuvavanya ngexesha lokuzivavanya, i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo kunye ne-nameplate voltage iya kubangelwa.Kukho ukutenxa xa kuthelekiswa;(2) I-coefficient yeqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo le-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo imalunga -0.3(-)-0.35%/℃, ngoko ke ukutenxa kovavanyo kunxulumene nomahluko phakathi kobushushu kunye ne-25℃ ngexesha lovavanyo, kunye nombane wesekethe evulekileyo. okubangelwa yi-irradiance Umahluko awuyi kudlula i-10%.Ke ngoko, xa sithetha ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutenxa phakathi kwevolthi yesekethe evulekileyo yobhaqo kwindawo kunye nolona luhlu lwenameplate kufuneka lubalwe ngokweyona ndawo yomlinganiselo, kodwa ngokubanzi ayizudlula kwi-15%.
Hlela amacandelo ngokwe-rate yangoku, kwaye uphawule kwaye uwahlule kumacandelo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-inverter ehambelana necandelo lamandla iqulunqwe ngokweemfuno zenkqubo.Amandla e-inverter ekhethiweyo kufuneka ahambelane namandla aphezulu e-photovoltaic cell array.Ngokuqhelekileyo, amandla okuphuma okulinganiselweyo kwe-photovoltaic inverter ikhethwa ukuba ifane namandla okufaka ngokupheleleyo, ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe iindleko.
Kuyilo lwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic, inyathelo lokuqala, kunye nenyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu, kukuhlalutya izixhobo zamandla elanga kunye neenkcukacha ezinxulumene nemozulu kwindawo apho iprojekthi ifakwe kwaye isetyenziswe khona.Idatha yemozulu, efana nemitha yelanga yasekuhlaleni, imvula, kunye nesantya somoya, yidatha engundoqo yokuyila inkqubo.Okwangoku, idatha yezemozulu nakweyiphi na indawo ehlabathini inokubuzwa simahla kuluhlu lwemozulu lweNASA lweNational Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Iimodyuli Umgaqo
1. Ihlobo lixesha apho umbane wasekhaya usetyenziswa kakhulu.Ukufakela umbane we-photovoltaic wekhaya unokugcina iindleko zombane.
2. Ukufakela izityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic zokusetyenziswa kwendlu kunokonwabela inkxaso-mali karhulumente, kwaye kunokuthengisa umbane ogqithisileyo kwigridi, ukuze ufumane inzuzo yokukhanya kwelanga, enokusebenzela iinjongo ezininzi.
3. Isikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic esibekwe phezu kophahla sinomphumo othile wokushisa ukushisa, onokunciphisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi ngama-3-5 degrees.Nangona ubushushu besakhiwo bulawulwa, kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-air conditioner.
4. Into ephambili echaphazela ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kukukhanya kwelanga.Ehlotyeni, iintsuku zinde kwaye ubusuku bufutshane, kwaye iiyure zokusebenza zesikhululo samandla zinde kunesiqhelo, ngoko ke umbane uya kunyuka ngokwendalo.
Ngethuba nje kukho ukukhanya, iimodyuli ziya kuvelisa i-voltage, kwaye i-photo-generated current ihambelana nokukhanya kokukhanya.Amacandelo aya kusebenza phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya okuphantsi, kodwa amandla okukhutshwa aya kuba mancinci.Ngenxa yokukhanya obuthathaka ebusuku, amandla avela kwiimodyuli awakwanelanga ukuqhuba i-inverter ukuba isebenze, ngoko ke iimodyuli ngokubanzi azenzi umbane.Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezifana nenyanga enamandla, inkqubo ye-photovoltaic isenokuba namandla aphantsi kakhulu.
Iimodyuli ze-Photovoltaic ikakhulu zenziwe ngeeseli, ifilimu, i-backplane, iglasi, isakhelo, ibhokisi ye-junction, i-ribbon, i-silica gel kunye nezinye izinto.Icwecwe lebhetri yeyona nto iphambili yokwenza umbane;ezinye izinto zibonelela ngokhuseleko lokupakisha, inkxaso, ukudibanisa, ukumelana nemozulu kunye neminye imisebenzi.
Umahluko phakathi kweemodyuli ze-monocrystalline kunye neemodyuli ze-polycrystalline kukuba iiseli zihluke.Iiseli ze-Monocrystalline kunye neeseli ze-polycrystalline zinomgaqo ofanayo wokusebenza kodwa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa.Imbonakalo nayo yahlukile.Ibhetri ye-monocrystalline ine-arc chamfering, kwaye ibhetri ye-polycrystalline ixande elipheleleyo.
Kuphela icala elingaphambili lemodyuli ye-monofacial inokuvelisa umbane, kwaye macala omabini emodyuli ye-bifacial inokuvelisa umbane.
Kukho umaleko wefilimu yokwambathisa kumphezulu wephepha lebhetri, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo kwinkqubo yokucubungula kukhokelela kumahluko kubunzima bomaleko wefilimu, okwenza ukubonakala kwephepha lebhetri kuhluke ukusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kumnyama.Iiseli zihlelwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa imodyuli ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbala weeseli ngaphakathi kwimodyuli efanayo iyahambelana, kodwa kuya kubakho ukungafani kombala phakathi kweemodyuli ezahlukeneyo.Umahluko kumbala ngumahluko kuphela ekubonakaleni kwamacandelo, kwaye akukho mpembelelo ekusebenzeni kokuveliswa kwamandla kwamacandelo.
Umbane oveliswa ziimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ungowangoku ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo ye-electromagnetic izinzile, kwaye ayikhuphi amaza ombane, ngoko ke ayiyi kuvelisa imitha ye-electromagnetic.
Iimodyuli zokuSebenza kunye noLondolozo
Iimodyuli ze-Photovoltaic phezu kophahla kufuneka zicocwe rhoqo.
1. Hlola rhoqo ukucoceka kwendawo yecandelo (kanye ngenyanga), kwaye uhlambulule rhoqo ngamanzi acocekileyo.Xa ucoca, qaphela ukucoceka kwendawo yecandelo, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme indawo eshushu yecandelo elibangelwa ukungcola okuseleyo;
2. Ukuze ugweme umonakalo wokutshatyalaliswa kombane emzimbeni kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka kumacandelo xa usula amacandelo phantsi kokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokukhanya okunamandla, ixesha lokucoca likusasa nangokuhlwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga;
3. Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho khula, imithi, kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunemodyuli empuma, emzantsi-mpuma, emzantsi, kumzantsi-ntshona, nakwintshona yemodyuli.Ukhula kunye nemithi ephezulu kunemodyuli kufuneka ilungiswe ngexesha ukuphepha ukubhloka kunye nokuchaphazela imodyuli.ukuveliswa kwamandla.
Emva kokuba icandelo lonakaliswe, ukusebenza kombane kuncitshisiwe, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokuvuza kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kombane.Kunconywa ukuba utshintshe icandelo kunye nentsha ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umbane ucinyiwe.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla kwimodyuli ye-Photovoltaic ngokwenene kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo neemeko zemozulu ezifana namaxesha amane onyaka, imini nobusuku, kunye namafu okanye ilanga.Kwimozulu yemvula, nangona kungabikho ilanga elithe ngqo, ukuveliswa kwamandla kwezityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic kuya kuba yinto ephantsi, kodwa ayiyeki ukuvelisa amandla.Iimodyuli ze-Photovoltaic zisagcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa phantsi kokukhanya okuhlakazekileyo okanye iimeko zokukhanya ezibuthathaka.
Izinto zemozulu azikwazi ukulawulwa, kodwa ukwenza umsebenzi omhle wokugcina iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunokunyusa ukuveliswa kwamandla.Emva kokuba amacandelo afakwe kwaye aqale ukuvelisa umbane ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokugcina ulungelelaniso lokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla, kwaye ukucocwa rhoqo kunokususa uthuli kunye nolunye ukungcola ebusweni bamacandelo kunye nokuphucula ukuveliswa kwamandla kwamacandelo.
1. Gcina i-ventilation, jonga rhoqo ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu malunga ne-inverter ukuze ubone ukuba umoya unokujikeleza ngokuqhelekileyo, uhlambulule rhoqo izihlangu kumacandelo, uhlolisise rhoqo ukuba iibakaki kunye ne-fasteners yecandelo zikhululekile, kwaye ukhangele ukuba iintambo zibonakaliswe Imeko. kwaye nangokunjalo.
2. Qinisekisa ukuba akukho khula, amagqabi awileyo kunye neentaka ezingqonge isikhululo sombane.Khumbula ukuba ungomisi izityalo, iimpahla, njl njl kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic.Ezi ndawo zokukhusela aziyi kuchaphazela kuphela ukuveliswa kwamandla, kodwa zibangele umphumo oshushu weemodyuli, ezibangela ubungozi obunokhuseleko.
3. Akuvunyelwe ukutshiza amanzi kumacandelo ukuze kuphole ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu.Nangona olu hlobo lwendlela yomhlaba lunokuba nesiphumo sokupholisa, ukuba isikhululo sakho samandla asithintelwanga manzi ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha loyilo kunye nofakelo, kunokubakho umngcipheko wokothuka kombane.Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwamanzi okufafaza ukupholisa kufana "nemvula yelanga eyenziweyo", nto leyo eza kunciphisa ukuveliswa kombane kwisikhululo sombane.
Ukucoca ngesandla kunye nokucoca i-robot ingasetyenziselwa kwiifom ezimbini, ezikhethiweyo ngokweempawu zoqoqosho lwesikhululo samandla kunye nobunzima bokuphunyezwa;ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe kwinkqubo yokususa uthuli: 1. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucoca amacandelo, akuvunyelwe ukuma okanye ukuhamba kumacandelo ukuphepha amandla asekuhlaleni kumacandelo Extrusion;2. Ubuninzi bokucoca imodyuli kuxhomekeke kwisantya sokuqokelela uthuli kunye neentaka zeentaka kumphezulu wemodyuli.Isikhululo samandla esinekhuselo elincinci sikholisa ukucocwa kabini ngonyaka.Ukuba isikhuselo sinzulu, sinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezibalo zezoqoqosho.3. Zama ukukhetha intsasa, ngokuhlwa okanye usuku olunamafu xa ukukhanya kubuthathaka (i-irradiance ingaphantsi kwe-200W/㎡) yokucoca;4. Ukuba iglasi, i-backplane okanye intambo yemodyuli yonakele, kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha ngaphambi kokucoca ukukhusela ukutshitshiswa kombane .
1. Imikrwelo kwi-backplane yemodyuli iya kubangela ukuba umphunga wamanzi ungene kwimodyuli kwaye unciphise ukusebenza kwe-insulation yemodyuli, ebeka ingozi enkulu yokhuseleko;
2. Ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla kunye nokugcinwa kuhlawulela ingqalelo ukujonga ukungaqhelekanga kwemikrwelo ye-backplane, ukufumanisa kunye nokujongana nabo ngexesha;
3. Ngamacandelo ahlanjululweyo, ukuba i-scratches ayinzulu kwaye ayiphuli phezulu, ungasebenzisa i-tape yokulungisa i-backplane ekhutshwe kwiimarike ukuyilungisa.Ukuba imikrwelo inzulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyitshintshe ngokuthe ngqo.
1. Kwinkqubo yokucoca imodyuli, akuvunyelwe ukuma okanye ukuhamba kwiimodyuli ukuphepha i-extrusion yendawo yeemodyuli;
2. Ubuninzi bokucocwa kwemodyuli kuxhomekeke kwisantya sokuqokelela kwezinto ezithintelayo ezifana nothuli kunye neentaka zeentaka ebusweni bemodyuli.Izikhululo zamandla ezinezithintelo ezincinci zicoceka kabini ngonyaka.Ukuba ukuvinjelwa kunzulu, kunokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezibalo zezoqoqosho.
3. Zama ukukhetha kusasa, ngokuhlwa okanye iintsuku ezinamafu xa ukukhanya kubuthathaka (i-irradiance ingaphantsi kwe-200W/㎡) yokucoca;
4. Ukuba iglasi, i-backplane okanye intambo yemodyuli yonakele, kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha ngaphambi kokucoca ukukhusela ukutshitshiswa kombane.
Uxinzelelo lwamanzi okucoca lunconywa ukuba lube ≤3000pa ngaphambili kunye ne-≤1500pa ngasemva kwemodyuli (ngasemva kwemodyuli yecala eliphindwe kabini kufuneka ihlanjululwe ukuvelisa amandla, kwaye umva wemodyuli yesiqhelo ayikhuthazwa) .~8 phakathi.
Ukungcola okungenakususwa ngamanzi acocekileyo, unokukhetha ukusebenzisa ezinye izicoci zeglasi, utywala, i-methanol kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ngokohlobo lokungcola.Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto zeekhemikhali ezifana ne-abrasive powder, i-abrasive i-agent yokucoca, i-agent yokucoca i-agent, i-polish machine, i-sodium hydroxide, i-benzene, i-nitro thinner, i-asidi eqinile okanye i-alkali enamandla.
Iingcebiso: (1) Jonga rhoqo ukucoceka komphezulu wemodyuli (kanye ngenyanga), kwaye ucoce rhoqo ngamanzi acocekileyo.Xa ucoca, qaphela ukucoceka komphezulu wemodyuli ukuphepha iindawo ezishushu kwimodyuli ebangelwa ukungcola okuseleyo.Ixesha lokucoca likusasa nangokuhlwa xa kungekho kukhanya kwelanga;(2) Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho khula, imithi kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunemodyuli empuma, kumzantsi-mpuma, kumzantsi, kumzantsi-ntshona kunye nentshona yendlela yemodyuli, kwaye unqumle ukhula kunye nemithi ephezulu kunemodyuli ngexesha ukunqanda ukuvalelwa. Ukuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwamandla kwamacandelo.
Ukunyuka kwamandla okuvelisa iimodyuli ze-bifacial xa kuthelekiswa neemodyuli eziqhelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezilandelayo: (1) ukubonakalisa umhlaba (omhlophe, oqaqambileyo);(2) ukuphakama kunye nokuthambekela kwenkxaso;(3) ukukhanya okuthe ngqo kunye nokusasazeka kwendawo ekukuyo Umlinganiselo wokukhanya (isibhakabhaka siluhlaza kakhulu okanye singwevu);ke ngoko, kufuneka ivavanywe ngokweyona meko yesikhululo samandla.
Ukuba kukho ukuvalela ngaphezulu kwemodyuli, akunakubakho iindawo ezishushu, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokwenyani yokuvala.Kuya kuba neempembelelo ekwenziweni kwamandla, kodwa impembelelo kunzima ukuyilinganisa kwaye ifuna amagcisa aqeqeshiweyo ukubala.
Izisombululo
Isikhululo sombane
Okwangoku kunye ne-voltage yezityalo zamandla ze-PV zichatshazelwa bubushushu, ukukhanya kunye nezinye iimeko.Kuhlala kukho ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane kunye nalangoku njengoko ukuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokukhanya kuthe gqolo: ngokukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, kokukhona umbane usezantsi kwaye ngokukhona uphezulu amandla okukhanya, kokukhona kuphezulu amandla ombane kunye nangoku. zi.Iimodyuli zingasebenza kuluhlu lweqondo lokushisa -40 ° C-85 ° C ngoko isivuno samandla sePV sombane siya kuphawula.
Iimodyuli zibonakala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa zizonke ngenxa yefilimu echasene ne-reflective kwimigangatho yeeseli.Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani okuthile kumbala weemodyuli ngenxa yomahluko othile kubunzima beefilimu ezinjalo.Sineseti yemibala eyahlukeneyo eqhelekileyo, kubandakanywa iblue blue, light blue, medium blue, dark blue and blue deep for modules.Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla e-PV kuhambelana namandla eemodyuli, kwaye akuphenjelelwa nakuphi na ukungafani kombala.
Ukugcina isivuno samandla esityalo siphuculwe, jonga ukucoceka komphezulu wemodyuli rhoqo ngenyanga kwaye uhlambe rhoqo ngamanzi acocekileyo.Ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekucoceni ngokupheleleyo iindawo zeemodyuli zokuthintela ukubunjwa kwee-hotspots kwiimodyuli ezibangelwa ukungcola okushiyekileyo kunye nokungcola, kwaye umsebenzi wokucoca kufuneka uqhutywe ekuseni okanye ebusuku.Kwakhona, ungavumeli naziphi na izityalo, imithi kunye nezakhiwo ezide kuneemodyuli ezisempuma, kumzantsi-mpuma, kumzantsi, kumzantsi-ntshona kunye namacala asentshona kwi-array.Ukuthenwa kwangexesha kwanoma yiyiphi imithi kunye nezityalo ezide kuneemodyuli zinconywa ukukhusela i-shading kunye nefuthe elinokubakho kwisivuno samandla seemodyuli (ukufumana iinkcukacha, bhekisa kwincwadana yokucoca.
Imveliso yamandla yeplanti yePV ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka iimeko zemozulu zesayithi kunye nawo onke amacandelo ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo.Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zenkonzo, isivuno samandla sixhomekeke ikakhulu kwimitha yelanga kunye neemeko zokufakela, ezixhomekeke kumahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemimandla kunye namaxesha onyaka.Ukongezelela, sincoma ukuba sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi ekubaleni isivuno samandla sonyaka senkqubo kunokugxila kwidatha yesivuno semihla ngemihla.
Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yintaba entsonkothileyo inemifula enamagingxigingxi, iinguqu ezininzi eziya emathambekeni, kunye neemeko ezintsonkothileyo zokwakheka komhlaba nezamanzi.Ekuqaleni koyilo, iqela loyilo kufuneka liqwalasele ngokupheleleyo naluphi na utshintsho olunokwenzeka kwi-topography.Ukuba akunjalo, iimodyuli zinokusithelwa ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ezikhokelela kwimiba enokwenzeka ngexesha loyilo kunye nokwakhiwa.
Intaba yePV yokuvelisa amandla ineemfuno ezithile zomhlaba kunye nokuqhelaniswa.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kungcono ukhethe iplati ecaba kunye nethambeka elingasezantsi (xa i-slope ingaphantsi kwama-35 degrees).Ukuba umhlaba unethambeka elingaphezu kwama-35 degrees emzantsi, nto leyo ebandakanya ulwakhiwo olunzima kodwa isivuno samandla aphezulu kunye nezithuba ezincinci zoluhlu kunye nommandla womhlaba, kungakuhle ukuphinda kuqwalaselwe ukhetho lwesiza.Imizekelo yesibini yezo ndawo zinethambeka elisemzantsi-mpuma, i-slope esezantsi-ntshona, i-east slope, kunye ne-west slope (apho i-slope ingaphantsi kwe-20 degrees).Olu lungelelwaniso lunezithuba ezinkulu kancinane zoluhlu kunye nommandla omkhulu womhlaba, kwaye unokuqwalaselwa ukuba nje ithambeka lingekho mnqantsa kakhulu.Imizekelo yokugqibela ziindawo ezinethambeka elinomthunzi emantla.Olu lwazi lufumana i-insolation encinci, isivuno samandla esincinci kunye nezithuba ezinkulu zoluhlu.Iziza ezinjalo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kancinci kangangoko.Ukuba iiplani ezinjalo kufuneka zisetyenziswe, kungcono ukhethe iindawo ezinethambeka elingaphantsi kwe-10 degrees.
Iintaba zinezithambeka ezineendlela ezahlukileyo kunye nokwahluka okuphawulekayo kwethambeka, kwanemijelo enzulu okanye iinduli kwezinye iindawo.Ngoko ke, inkqubo yenkxaso kufuneka iyilwe ngokuguquguqukayo kunokwenzeka ukuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kwendawo enzima: o Guqula i-racking emide ibe yi-short racking.o Sebenzisa i-racking structure ehambelana kakhulu nomhlaba: inkxaso yemfumba yomqolo omnye kunye nokwahlukana kokuphakama kwekholamu ehlengahlengiswayo, inkxaso esisigxina ye-fixed, okanye ukulandelela ukulandelela kunye ne-angle yokuphakama okuguquguqukayo.o Sebenzisa ixesha elide lenkxaso yentambo egxininisiweyo, enokunceda ukoyisa ukungalingani phakathi kweekholomu.
Sinikezela ngoyilo oluneenkcukacha kunye novavanyo lwesiza kumanqanaba okuqala ophuhliso ukunciphisa umthamo womhlaba osetyenziswayo.
Izityalo zamandla e-Eco-friendly PV zihambelana nokusingqongileyo, zisebenziseka kakuhle kwigridi kwaye zinobuhlobo kubathengi.Xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zamandla eziqhelekileyo, ziphezulu kwezoqoqosho, ukusebenza, iteknoloji kunye nokukhutshwa.
Indawo yokuhlala isasazwe
Ukuveliswa okuzenzekelayo kunye nokuzisebenzisa ngokwakho igridi yamandla engaphezulu kuthetha ukuba amandla aveliswa yinkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic esasazwayo asetyenziswa ikakhulu ngabasebenzisi bamandla ngokwabo, kwaye amandla angaphezulu axhunyiwe kwigridi.Yimodeli yoshishino yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic esasazwayo.Kule ndlela yokusebenza, indawo yokudibanisa igridi ye-photovoltaic imiselwe Kwicala lomthwalo wemitha yomsebenzisi, kuyimfuneko yokongeza i-metering metering ye-photovoltaic reverse ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okanye ukuseta imitha yokusetyenziswa kwamandla egridi ukuya kwindlela emibini yokulinganisa.Amandla e-photovoltaic asetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo ngumsebenzisi ngokwakhe angayonwabela ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lokuthengisa legridi yamandla ngendlela yokugcina umbane.Umbane ulinganiswa ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye uhlaliswe ngexabiso elimiselweyo lombane okwigridi.
Isikhululo samandla esisasazwayo se-photovoltaic sibhekisa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa amandla esebenzisa izixhobo ezisasazwayo, inomthamo omncinci ofakiweyo, kwaye ilungiselelwe kufutshane nomsebenzisi.Ngokuqhelekileyo iqhagamshelwe kwigridi yamandla enezinga lombane elingaphantsi kwe-35 kV okanye ngaphantsi.Isebenzisa iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ukuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla elanga.kumandla ombane.Luhlobo olutsha lokuvelisa amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwamandla okulindelweyo kuphuhliso olubanzi.Ixhasa imigaqo yokuvelisa amandla akufutshane, uqhagamshelo lwegridi ekufutshane, uguqulo olukufutshane, kunye nokusetyenziswa okukufutshane.Akunakwandisa kuphela ngokufanelekileyo ukuveliswa kwamandla kwezityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic zesikali esifanayo, kodwa kwakhona ngokufanelekileyo Isombulula ingxaki yokulahlekelwa kwamandla ngexesha lokunyusa kunye nokuhamba okude.
I-voltage edibeneyo yegridi yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic esasazwayo inqunywe ngokukodwa ngumthamo ofakiweyo wenkqubo.I-voltage ethile edityaniswe negridi kufuneka imiselwe ngokungqinelana nokuvunywa kwenkqubo yokufikelela yenkampani yegridi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, amakhaya asebenzisa i-AC220V ukuxhuma kwigridi, kwaye abasebenzisi bezorhwebo banokukhetha i-AC380V okanye i-10kV ukuxhuma kwigridi.
Ukufudumeza nokugcinwa kobushushu bezindlu zokugcina izityalo bekusoloko kuyingxaki ephambili ethwaxa amafama.I-photovoltaic greenhouses yezolimo kulindeleke ukuba isombulule le ngxaki.Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu ehlobo, ezininzi iintlobo zemifuno azikwazi ukukhula ngokuqhelekileyo ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba, kwaye i-photovoltaic greenhouses yezolimo ifana nokongeza i-spectrometer ifakwe, ekwazi ukuhlukanisa imisebe ye-infrared kunye nokukhusela ukushisa okugqithisileyo ekungeneni kwi-greenhouse.Ebusika nasebusuku, kunokuthintela ukukhanya kwe-infrared kwi-greenhouse ekuphumeni ngaphandle, okunefuthe lokugcinwa kobushushu.I-photovoltaic greenhouses yezolimo inokubonelela ngamandla afunekayo ekukhanyiseni kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, kwaye amandla asele angadibaniswa kwigridi.Kwi-grid photovoltaic greenhouse, inokuthunyelwa kunye nenkqubo ye-LED ukuvala ukukhanya emini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuvelisa umbane ngexesha elifanayo.Inkqubo ye-LED yasebusuku ibonelela ngokukhanya usebenzisa amandla osuku.I-Photovoltaic arrays ingaphinda ifakwe kwiintlanzi zeentlanzi, amachibi angakwazi ukuqhubeka ephakamisa iintlanzi, kwaye i-photovoltaic arrays inokubonelela indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo yokulima iintlanzi, ezisombulula ngcono ukuchasana phakathi kokuphuhliswa kwamandla amatsha kunye nobuninzi bomhlaba wokuhlala.Ngoko ke, ii-greenhouses zezolimo kunye namachibi eentlanzi Ukuhanjiswa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic inokufakwa.
Izakhiwo zefektri kwintsimi yoshishino: ngakumbi kwiifektri ezisetyenziselwa umbane omkhulu kunye neendleko zombane zokuthenga kwi-intanethi, ngokuqhelekileyo izakhiwo zefektri zinendawo enkulu yophahla kunye nophahla oluvulekileyo nolusicaba, olulungele ukufakela i-photovoltaic arrays kwaye ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu. umthwalo wamandla, ukuhanjiswa kwe-photovoltaic igridi-inkqubo edityanisiweyo inokuthi isetyenziswe kwindawo yokucima inxalenye yamandla okuthenga kwi-intanethi, ngaloo ndlela igcina amatyala ombane abasebenzisi.
Izakhiwo zorhwebo: Umphumo ufana neepaki zemizi-mveliso, umehluko kukuba izakhiwo zorhwebo ezininzi zinephahla le-samente, ezilungele ngakumbi ukufaka i-photovoltaic arrays, kodwa zihlala zineemfuno ze-aesthetics yezakhiwo.Ngokutsho kwezakhiwo zorhwebo, izakhiwo zeofisi, iihotele, amaziko eenkomfa, iindawo zokungcebeleka, njl. Ngenxa yeempawu zoshishino lwenkonzo, iimpawu zomthwalo wabasebenzisi ziphezulu kakhulu emini kwaye ziphantsi ebusuku, ezinokuthi zihambelane kangcono neempawu zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic. .
Amaziko ezolimo: Kukho inani elikhulu lamaphahla akhoyo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kubandakanywa izindlu ezizimeleyo, iishedi zemifuno, amachibi okuloba iintlanzi, njl njl.Ukwakhiwa kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezisasazwa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni kunokuphucula ukhuseleko lombane kunye nomgangatho wamandla.
Umasipala kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke: Ngenxa yemigangatho yolawulo olumanyeneyo, umthwalo othembekileyo wabasebenzisi kunye nokuziphatha kweshishini, kunye nomdla omkhulu wofakelo, umasipala kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke nazo zifanelekile kulwakhiwo oluphakathi kunye nolwakhiwo lweefotovoltaics ezisasazwayo.
Imimandla ekude yezolimo neyokwalusa neziqithi: Ngenxa yomgama osuka kwiziko lombane, kusekho izigidi zabantu abangenawo umbane kwimimandla esemagqagaleni yezolimo neyokufuya, nakwiziqithi ezigudle unxweme.I-off-grid photovoltaic systems okanye i-Complementing kunye neminye imithombo yamandla, inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-micro-grid ifaneleke kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndawo.
Okokuqala, inokukhuthazwa kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaziko oluntu kulo lonke ilizwe ukwenza inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic esabiwayo, kwaye isebenzise izakhiwo zasekuhlaleni kunye namaziko oluntu ukuseka inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane eyabiweyo ukuhlangabezana nenxalenye yemfuno yombane yabasebenzisi bamandla. kunye nokubonelela ngokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwamaShishini anokubonelela ngombane wokuvelisa;
Okwesibini kukuba inokukhuthazwa kwiindawo ezikude ezifana neziqithi kunye nezinye iindawo ezinombane omncinci kwaye akukho mbane ukwenza iinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane ngaphandle kwegridi okanye i-micro-grids.Ngenxa yomsantsa kumanqanaba ophuhliso loqoqosho, kusekho abantu abathile kwiindawo ezikude kwilizwe lam abangekazisombululi ingxaki esisiseko yokusetyenziswa kombane.Iiprojekthi zegrid ubukhulu becala zixhomekeke ekwandisweni kweegridi zamandla amakhulu, umbane omncinci wamanzi, umbane omncinci oshushu kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.Kunzima kakhulu ukwandisa igridi yamandla, kwaye iradiyasi yobonelelo lwamandla inde kakhulu, ikhokelela kumgangatho ophantsi wobonelelo lwamandla.Uphuhliso lombane osasazwe ngaphandle kwegridi alunako ukucombulula ingxaki yokunqongophala kwamandla kuphela Abahlali abakwiindawo ezinamandla aphantsi baneengxaki zokusetyenziswa kombane, kwaye banokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo asekhaya ngokucocekileyo nangokufanelekileyo, ukusombulula ngokufanelekileyo ukungavisisani phakathi kwamandla kunye nombane. okusingqongileyo.
Ukuveliswa kombane we-photovoltaic osasazwayo kubandakanya iifomu zezicelo ezifana negridi edityanisiweyo, i-off-grid kunye ne-multi-energy complementary micro-grid.Igridi-eqhagamshelwe kusasazwa kwamandla ombane asetyenziswa kakhulu kufutshane nabasebenzisi.Thenga umbane kwigridi xa umbane okanye umbane unganelanga, kwaye uthengise umbane kwi-intanethi xa kukho umbane ogqithisileyo.Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ngaphandle kwegridi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude kunye neziqithi.Ayixhunyiwe kwigridi yamandla amakhulu, kwaye isebenzisa inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa amandla kunye nenkqubo yokugcina amandla ukubonelela ngokuthe ngqo amandla kumthwalo.Inkqubo ye-photovoltaic esasazwayo inokwenza i-multi-energy complementary micro-electric system kunye nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa umbane, njengamanzi, umoya, ukukhanya, njl., Ezinokuthi ziqhutywe ngokuzimeleyo njengegridi encinci okanye idibaniswe kwigridi yenethiwekhi. ukusebenza.
Okwangoku, kukho izisombululo ezininzi zemali ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi abahlukeneyo.Kuphela inani elincinci lotyalo-mali lokuqala lifunekayo, kwaye imali-mboleko ibuyiswa ngengeniso evela kumandla ombane minyaka le, ukuze banandiphe ubomi obuluhlaza obuziswa photovoltaics.
