Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla elanga abe yindlela ephambili yokutshintsha amandla elanga endaweni yamafutha emveli, ebonelela ngesisombululo esizinzileyo nesinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwiimfuno zethu zamandla ezikhulayo. Xa sijongene nemingeni enzima yehlabathi yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuphela kwezixhobo zendalo, ukuqonda indlela amandla elanga asebenza ngayo kubalulekile kubathengi nakubaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kujonga indlela yokusebenza kwamandla elanga, lichaza inkqubo yokuguqula ukusuka elangeni ukuya kumbane.
Umgaqo ophambili wokuvelisa umbane welanga kukuvelisa umbane kusetyenziswa ukukhanya kwelanga. Le nkqubo iqala ngoiiphaneli zelanga, ezihlala zenziwe ngeeseli ze-photovoltaic (iiseli ze-PV). Ezi seli zenziwe ngezinto ze-semiconductor (ngokuqhelekileyo i-silicon) kwaye zinamandla akhethekileyo okuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngamandla ombane. Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya phezu komphezulu wephaneli yelanga, kushukumisa ii-electron kwizixhobo ze-semiconductor, ngaloo ndlela kuvelisa umsinga wombane. Le nto yaziwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic effect.
Emva kokuba iiphaneli zelanga zibambe ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye zenzeumsinga othe ngqo (DC), inyathelo elilandelayo kukuguqula le DC ibe yiumsinga otshintshanayo (i-AC), uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lombane olusetyenziswa emakhaya nakwiishishini. Olu tshintsho lwenziwa ngesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-inverter. Ii-inverters zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga, ziqinisekisa ukuba umbane oveliswayo ungasetyenziselwa umbane kwizixhobo zombane, izibane, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.
Wakuba uguqulwe ube ngumsinga otshintshanayo, umbane ungasetyenziswa ngoko nangoko okanye ugcinwe ukuze usetyenziswe kamva. iinkqubo zamandla elangazixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokugcina iibhetri, nto leyo evumela amakhaya namashishini ukuba agcine umbane ogqithisileyo oveliswa ngeentsuku ezinelanga ukuze usetyenziswe ngeentsuku ezinamafu okanye ebusuku. Olu phawu luphucula ukuthembeka kokuveliswa kombane welanga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ngendlela ezinzileyo.
Ukongeza kwizicelo zokuhlala, amandla elanga asetyenziswa nakwizikhululo zamandla elanga ezinkulu. Ezi zakhiwo ziquka iiphaneli ezininzi zelanga ezicwangciswe kwigridi, ezikwaziyo ukuvelisa umbane omninzi ofakwa kwigridi. Olu kuveliswa kwamandla elanga lukhulu lunegalelo ekunikezelweni kwamandla ngokubanzi, kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili, kwaye kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu.
Enye yezona nzuzo zibalulekileyo zamandla elanga kukuzinza kwawo. Ilanga liyimithombo emininzi nevuselelekayo, enika amandla angapheliyo. Ngokungafaniyo namafutha efosili, aneendawo zokugcina ezilinganiselweyo kwaye abangela ukonakaliswa kokusingqongileyo, amandla elanga ngumthombo wamandla ococekileyo onokunceda ekunciphiseni utshintsho lwemozulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yamandla elanga kuye kwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye kwanciphisa iindleko, okwenza amandla elanga afikeleleke kubantu abaninzi.
Nangona kukho iingenelo ezininzi zamandla elanga, ikwajongene nemingeni eliqela. Utyalo-mali lokuqala kwiiphaneli zelanga kunye nokufakelwa lunokuba lukhulu, nangona oorhulumente abaninzi benikezela ngezibonelelo kunye neenkxaso-mali zokunciphisa ezi ndleko. Ngaphezu koko, ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kuchatshazelwa ziimeko zemozulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lokugcina amandla kunye nolawulo lwegridi lujongana nale mingeni, luvula indlela yokwakha iziseko zophuhliso zamandla elanga ezomeleleyo.
Ngamafutshane, amandla elanga amele utshintsho olutshintsha indlela esivelisa nesisebenzisa ngayo umbane.Ngokuqonda inkqubo yokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane, sinokubona amandla amakhulu amandla elanga njengomthombo wamandla ozinzileyo. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokwandisa ulwazi ngokusingqongileyo, amandla elanga kulindeleke ukuba adlale indima ebalulekileyo ekutshintsheleni kwethu kwikamva elicocekileyo neliluhlaza.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-14-2025
