Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla elanga abe yeyona ndlela iphambili kumafutha endalo efosili, ebonelela ngesisombululo esizinzileyo kunye nendalo esingqongileyo kwiimfuno zethu zamandla ezikhulayo. Xa sijongene nemingeni enzima yehlabathi yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuncipha kobutyebi bendalo, ukuqonda indlela amandla elanga asebenza ngayo kubalulekile kubo bobabini abathengi kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kukhangela kwindlela yokusebenza yamandla elanga, ichaza inkqubo yokuguqulwa ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga ukuya kumbane.
Umgaqo ongundoqo wokuveliswa kwamandla elanga kukuvelisa umbane kusetyenziswa ukukhanya kwelanga. Le nkqubo iqala ngeiiphaneli zelanga, ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngeeseli ze-photovoltaic (iiseli ze-PV). Ezi seli zenziwe ngezinto ze-semiconductor (ngokuqhelekileyo i-silicon) kwaye zinekhono elilodwa lokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kumandla ombane. Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kumphezulu wepaneli yelanga, kuvuyisa i-electron kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-semiconductor, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa umbane wombane. Le nto yaziwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic effect.
Emva kokuba iiphaneli zelanga zibambe ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye zivelisengqo okwangoku (DC), inyathelo elilandelayo kukuguqula le DC ukuyaumsinga otshintshanayo (AC), uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lombane osetyenziswa ezindlwini nakumashishini. Olu guqulelo luphunyezwa ngesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-inverter. Ii-inverters zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga, ziqinisekisa ukuba umbane ovelisiweyo unokusetyenziselwa izixhobo zombane, izibane kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.
Wakuba uguqulwe waba ngumsinga otshintshanayo, umbane unokusetyenziselwa ngokukhawuleza okanye ugcinwe ukuze usetyenziswe kamva. Abaninzi iinkqubo zamandla elangazixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokugcina iibhetri, ezivumela amakhaya kunye namashishini ukuba agcine umbane ogqithisiweyo owenziwe ngeentsuku ezinelanga ukuze usetyenziswe kwiintsuku ezinamafu okanye ebusuku. Olu phawu longeza ukuthembeka kokuveliswa kwamandla elanga, oko kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ngolondolozo ngakumbi.
Ukongeza kwizicelo zokuhlala, amandla elanga asetyenziswa nakwizityalo ezinkulu zamandla elanga. Ezi zixhobo zibandakanya iiphaneli ezininzi zelanga ezicwangciswe kwigridi, ezikwazi ukuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zombane ezifakwa kwigridi. Le mveliso inkulu yelanga inegalelo kunikezelo lwamandla ngokubanzi, inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili, kwaye yehlisa nokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse.
Enye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zamandla elanga kukuzinza kwawo. Ilanga ngumthombo obuninzi kunye nohlaziywayo, ukubonelela ngesibonelelo esingapheliyo samandla. Ngokungafaniyo namafutha efosili, anoovimba abanomda kwaye abangele ukuthotywa kokusingqongileyo, amandla elanga ngowona mthombo wamandla ococekileyo onceda ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji yamandla elanga kuye kwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, okwenza amandla elanga afikeleleke kuluhlu olubanzi lwabantu.
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezininzi zamandla elanga, ikwajongene nemingeni emininzi. Utyalo-mali lokuqala kwiipaneli zelanga kunye nofakelo lunokuba lukhulu, nangona oorhulumente abaninzi benikezela ngenkuthazo kunye nenkxaso-mali ukulungisa ezi ndleko. Ngaphaya koko, ukwenziwa kombane welanga kuchatshazelwa ziimeko zemozulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kuguquko kwimveliso. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso kugcino lwamandla kunye nolawulo lwegridi lujongene nale mingeni, ivula indlela yokwakhiwa kweziseko zombane ezinamandla ngakumbi elanga.
Ngamafutshane, amandla elanga amele utshintsho kwindlela esivelisa ngayo kwaye siwusebenzisa ngayo umbane.Ngokuqonda inkqubo yokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane, sinokuqaphela amandla amakhulu ombane welanga njengomthombo wamandla ozinzileyo. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lokusingqongileyo, amandla elanga kulindeleke ukuba adlale indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqulelo yethu ukuya kwikamva elicocekileyo neliluhlaza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-14-2025
